163. Los usos de las preposiciones AT IN ON

The uses of   AT   IN   ON

Fill in the correct preposition ( See answers below)

1.I need it by Thursday.........the latest.	como muy tarde
2.Valencia is .........the East coast of Spain.
3. .........the end, the meeting was put off.	al final
4. José works........a bank like me.
5. I arrived........work a little late.
6. If........first you don´t succeed, try try again
7. Buses will be ........strike next week.	De huelga
8. I will have it ready.........due time.	A su debido tiempo
9. Are you interested ........working for us ?
10. We´ll pick you up……...the airport.
11. Tony has been.......the dole for 8 months	cobrando subsidio
12. Paula is very good……….Mathematics
13. Vicente is……….the phone at the moment.
14. What do you have........mind ?	tener en mente
15. Keep.........mind that he´s very ill.	tener en cuenta
16. What´s..........your mind ?	Que te preocupa
17. I have a few days off……….Easter.	en pascua
18. We will be away...........August.
19. The law department is……….the 3rd floor.	tercera planta
20. I´m tired, but.......the other hand I want to go.	por otra parte
21. She will come back.........a few days.	en unos cuantos dias
22. ..........the beginning, the movie was exciting.	Al principio
23. We started to work together.........the same time.
24. The boss seems to be ...........a good mood.	de buen humor
25. Everyone was angry……..the end of the meeting.
26. It will cost........least 300$.	por lo menos
27. ........my way home, I found a little abandoned dog.	camino a
28. One............four people suffer from depression.	Uno de cada cuatro
29. There´s a big holiday.........July 4th.
30. We all rely............you to get this new client.	confiamos
31. Isabel is ............bed with the flu.
32. We´ll meet you............the cinema	nos vemos
33. All ………once, everyone started to run.	De pronto
34. This round is ..........me.	Esta ronda
35. She´s already..........the train.
36. We arrived just............time for the conference	justo a tiempo
37. Nobody arrived .............time for the meeting	puntual
38. Everyone seems to be.............a hurry.	tener prisa
39. Is the director………. his office?
40. No, he´s.............the dentist.
41. ………….the most, you have to wait one week.	como mucho
42. What´s...............television tonight ?	Que hay en la tele
43. I´ll be away...........a business trip all week.	viaje de negocios
44. We´re waiting……….line for over an hour.	en la cola
45. I prefer to go to work...........foot.	a pie
46. I only have some change……….me.
47. Linda got married.........the age of 21.	la edad
48. They live..............José Iturbi street.
49. Soon it´s time to go........vacation
50. It´s important to smile..........people.

Answers :

1. at   2. on   3.In   4.in   5.at   6.at   7.on   8.in   9.in   10.at   11.on   12.at   13.on  

14. in   15.in   16.on   17.at   18.in   19.on   20.on   21.in   22.In   23.at   24.in

25.at   26.at   27.On   28.in   29.on   30.on   31.in   32.at   33.at   34.on   35.on

36.in   37.on   38.in   39.in   40.at   41.At   42.on   43.on   44.in   45.on  46.on

47.at   48.on   49.on   50. at

162. The Art of Smelling

Sometimes people really never remember to smell things. We are so busy thinking that we forget to smell what we eat, what we drink, how we smell to others, how are partner smells....how life smells.

Smell is a very direct sense. In order for you to smell something, molecules from that thing have to make it to your nose. Everything you smell, therefore, is giving off molecules -- whether it is bread in the bakery, onions, perfume, a piece of fruit or whatever. Those molecules are generally light, volatile (easy to evaporate) chemicals that float through the air into your nose. A piece of steel has no smell because nothing evaporates from it -- steel is a non-volatile solid.

At the top of your nasal passages behind your nose, there is a patch of special neurons about the size of a postage stamp. These neurons are unique in that they are out in the open where they can come into contact with the air. They have hair-like projections called cilia that increase their surface area. An odor molecule binds to these cilia to trigger the neuron and cause you to perceive a smell.

According to the book Molecular Biology of the Cell:

Humans can distinguish more than 10,000 different smells (odorants), which are detected by specialized olfactory receptor neurons lining the nose.... It is thought that there are hundreds of different olfactory receptors, each encoded by a different gene and each recognizing different odorants.

Each of the hundreds of receptors are encoded by a specific gene. If your DNA is missing a gene or if the gene is damaged, it can cause you to be unable to detect a certain smell. For example, some people have no sense for the smell of camphor.

When you smell many fruits or flowers, what you are smelling is esters evaporating from the fruit or flower. Esters are organic molecules. For example, the ester that gives a banana its smell is called isoamyl acetate, and the formula for it is CH₃COOC₅H₁₁. The primary smell of an orange comes from octyl acetate, or CH₃COOC₈H₁₇. Esters can now be made artificially, and that is where artificial flavors come from.

A big batch of cookies coming out of the oven. Your gym bag full of dirty clothes. How do you smell these smells and thousands more? It's your nose, of course.

Your nose lets you smell and it's a big part of why you are able to taste things. The nose is also the main gate to the respiratory system, your body's system for breathing. Let's be nosy and find out some more about the nose.

Nose Parts

The nose has two holes called nostrils. The nostrils and the nasal passages are separated by a wall called the septum (say: SEP-tum). Deep inside your nose, close to your skull, your septum is made of very thin pieces of bone.

Closer to the tip of your nose, the septum is made of cartilage(say: KAR-tel-ij), which is flexible material that's firmer than skin or muscle. It's not as hard as bone, and if you push on the tip of your nose, you can feel how wiggly it is.

Behind your nose, in the middle of your face, is a space called thenasal cavity. It connects with the back of the throat. The nasal cavity is separated from the inside of your mouth by the palate (roof of your mouth).

Getting the Air in There

When you inhale air through your nostrils, the air enters the nasal passages and travels into your nasal cavity. The air then passes down the back of your throat into the trachea (say: TRAY-kee-uh), or windpipe, on its way to the lungs.

Your nose is also a two-way street. When you exhale the old air from your lungs, the nose is the main way for the air to leave your body. But your nose is more than a passageway for air. The nose also warms, moistens, and filters the air before it goes to the lungs.

The inside of your nose is lined with a moist, thin layer of tissue called a mucous membrane (say: MYOO-kus MEM-brayne). This membrane warms up the air and moistens it. The mucous membrane makes mucus, that sticky stuff in your nose you might call snot. Mucus captures dust, germs, and other small particles that could irritate your lungs. If you look inside your nose, you will also see hairs that can trap large particles, like dirt or pollen.

If something does get trapped in there, you can probably guess what happens next. You sneeze. Sneezes can send those unwelcome particles speeding out of your nose at 100 mph!

Further back in your nose are even smaller hairs called cilia (say: SILL-ee-uh) that you can see only with a microscope. The cilia move back and forth to move the mucus out of the sinuses and back of the nose. Cilia can also be found lining the air passages, where they help move mucus out of the lungs.

Sniff, Sniff, Take a Whiff

The nose allows you to make scents of what's going on in the world around you. Just as your eyes give you information by seeing and your ears help you out by hearing, the nose lets you figure out what's happening by smelling. It does this with help from many parts hidden deep inside your nasal cavity and head.

Up on the roof of the nasal cavity (the space behind your nose) is the olfactory epithelium (say: ol-FAK-tuh-ree eh-puh-THEE-lee-um). Olfactory is a fancy word that has to do with smelling. The olfactory epithelium contains special receptors that are sensitive to odor molecules that travel through the air.

These receptors are very small — there are about 10 million of them in your nose! There are hundreds of different odor receptors, each with the ability to sense certain odor molecules. Research has shown that an odor can stimulate several different kinds of receptors. The brain interprets the combination of receptors to recognize any one of about 10,000 different smells.How Signals Get SentWhen the smell receptors are stimulated, signals travel along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is underneath the front of your brain just above the nasal cavity. Signals are sent from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain to be interpreted as a smell you may recognize, like apple pie fresh from the oven. Yum!Identifying smells is your brain's way of telling you about your environment. Have you ever smelled your toast burning? In an instant, your brain interpreted the smell and a problem and you knew to check on your toast.You learned to associate a certain smell with burning and now your brain remembers that smell so you recognize it. Your sense of smell also can help you keep safe. For example, it can warn you not to eat something that smells rotten or help you detect smoke before you see a fire.

Tastes Great!Most people just think of the tongue when they think about taste. But you couldn't taste anything without some help from the nose! The ability to smell and taste go together because odors from foods allow us to taste more fully.Take a bite of food and think about how it tastes. Then pinch your nose and take another bite. Notice the difference? It's just another reason to appreciate your knockout of a nose!

Listen to the song by Paul Young " Love is in the air"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUaIdOsJqF8

161.) Health benefits of dark chocolate

                                                                 

"Simply delicious"




Dark chocolate has recently been discovered to have a number of healthy benefits. While eating dark chocolate can lead to the health benefits described below, remember that chocolate is also high in fat. Use FitDay to keep track of your calories and nutrition as you work towards your weight loss goals. 

1) Dark Chocolate is Good for Your Heart

Studies show that eating a small amount of dark chocolate two or three times each week can help lower your blood pressure. Dark chocolate improves blood flow and may help prevent the formation of blood clots. Eating dark chocolate may also prevent arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). 

2) Dark Chocolate is Good for Your Brain

Dark chocolate increases blood flow to the brain as well as to the heart, so it can help improve cognitive function. Dark chocolate also helps reduce your risk of stroke. 

Dark chocolate also contains several chemical compounds that have a positive effect on your mood and cognitive health. Chocolate contains phenylethylamine (PEA), the same chemical your brain creates when you feel like you're falling in love. PEA encourages your brain to release endorphins, so eating dark chocolate will make you feel happier.

Dark chocolate also contains caffeine, a mild stimulant. However, dark chocolate contains much less caffeine than coffee. A 1.5 ounce bar of dark chocolate contains 27 mg of caffeine, compared to the 200 mg found in an eight ounce cup of coffee.

3) Dark Chocolate Helps Control Blood Sugar

Dark chocolate helps keep your blood vessels healthy and your circulation unimpaired to protect against type 2 diabetes. The flavonoids in dark chocolate also help reduce insulin resistance by helping your cells to function normally and regain the ability to use your body's insulin efficiently. Dark chocolate also has a low glycemic index, meaning it won't cause huge spikes in blood sugar levels.

4) Dark Chocolate is Full of Antioxidants

Dark chocolate is loaded with antioxidants. Antioxidants help free your body of free radicals, which cause oxidative damage to cells. Free radicals are implicated in the aging process and may be a cause of cancer, so eating antioxidant rich foods like dark chocolate can protect you from many types of cancer and slow the signs of aging.

5) Dark Chocolate Contains Theobromine

Dark chocolate contains theobromine, which has been shown to harden tooth enamel. That means that dark chocolate, unlike most other sweets, lowers your risk of getting cavities if you practice proper dental hygiene.

Theobromine is also a mild stimulant, though not as strong as caffeine. It can, however, help to suppress coughs.

6) Dark Chocolate is High in Vitamins and Minerals

Dark chocolate contains a number of vitamins and minerals that can support your health. Dark chocolate contains some of the following vitamins and minerals in high concentrations:

• Potassium
• Copper
• Magnesium 
• Iron

The copper and potassium in dark chocolate help prevent against stroke and cardiovascular ailments. The iron in chocolate protects against iron deficiency anemia, and the magnesium in chocolate helps prevent type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. 

Listen to this Video and see how much you can understand

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sep6O52nVag

160.) LOS USOS DE "IT"

                            It´s a nice day to walk along the beach

"IT" = ello: es probable el pronombre más usado y mucho más en inglés que en español

1.) Se puede usar como el "SUJETO"de una frase
Se usa "IT" con ciertos adjetivos y en español se usa "HACE"
También se usa "IT" con expresiones del tiempo, hora y distancia

Ejemplos
-It´s a nice day  = Hace un día bonito
-It´s very hot today = Hace mucho calor hoy
-It´s very windy  = Hace mucho viento
-It´s freezing  o It´s bloody cold = Hace un frío que pela
-It´s been a long time since I smoked  = Hace mucho tiempo desde que fumé
-It´s eleven o´clock  = Son las once 
-It´s Friday  = Es viernes
-It´s April 1st
-It´s hailing  = Está granizando
-It´s too far  = Es demasiado lejos
-It doesn´t matter  = No importa
-It´s me  = Soy yo
-It´s very expensive = Es muy caro
-It was a fun party  = Era una fiesta divertida 
-Who´s that? It´s my friend Carlos  = ¿Quién es ese? Es mi amigo Carlos 
-It wasn't supposed to be this way = No se suponía que iba a ser así.
-It´s none of your business  = No es asunto tuyo
-It´s a little late  = Es un poco tarde
-It makes me very angry = Me pone furioso

2.) También se puede usar como el "OBJETO"de una frase

Y también se usa a referirse para una cosa o para un animal y no sabemos el sexo 

Ejemplos
-I like it  = Me gusta (ello)
-We saw it fly over our heads  = Lo vimos volar sobre nuestras cabezas
-In the end, I bought it   = Al final lo compré
-I did it for her  =  Lo hice para ella 
-How long has it been since you had a vacation?  = ¿Cuanto tiempo hace desde que tuviste unas vacaciones?
-Don´t touch it  = No lo toques
-You broke it!  = Lo has roto!
-I put it on the table  = Lo puse encima de la mesa
-What time is it?  = ¿Que hora es?
-Listen to the canary sing. It makes me feel good  = Escucha el canario cantar. Me hace sentir bien
-Pilar had a baby. Is it a boy? = Pilar ha tenido un bebé. ¿Es un chico?
-We want it for our little girl, but we want a male  = Lo queremos para nuestra hija pequeña, pero queremos un macho

3.)También se usa "IT" cuando el "SUJETO" de una frase es usando el "INFINITIVO DEL VERBO"

Ejemplos
-It´s nice to see you again  = Es agradable verte de nuevo

*Es mejor empezar la frase con "IT" en lugar de decir:
"To see you again is nice"

-It´s easy to use   = Es fácil usar
-It´s too far to go on foot   = Está demasiado lejos para ir a pie
-It´s time to have a snack   = Es hora de merendar  
-It´s important to save money  = Es importante ahorrar dinero
-Do you want me to fix it for you?  = ¿Quieres que te lo arregle?
-It´s better not to mention anything yet  = Es mejor no mencionar nada todavía
-It´s risky to buy a house nowadays  = Es arriesgado comprar una casa hoy en día
-It´s your turn to pay the next round  = Te toca a ti a pagar la siguiente ronda
-It´s not a good idea to drive in this rain = No es una buena idea conducir con esta lluvia


Unas expresiones con "IT"
-That´s it = Se acabó
-While you´re at it  = Ya que estás en ello
-I´ll see to it  = Yo me encargo
-It´s up to you = Tu decides
-It bugs me  = Me joroba
-It breakes my heart  = Me parte el alma
-It makes me so mad!  = Me da una rabia!
-It takes guts  = Hay que tener agallas
-It ticks me off  = Me fastidia
-It rings a bell  = Me suena
-It´s a small world  = El mundo es un pañuelo
-It looks like it´s going to rain  = Parece que va a llover

Translation Exercise  (see solution below)

1. No fue culpa nuestra. 

2. Sería mejor no decir nada de momento.

3. Era bastante caro, así que fuimos a otro sitio para cenar.

4. ¿Te lo dio el jefe? No es asunto tuyo.

5. Fue un gran error ir en coche.

6. Me fastidia mucho que tu amigo diga esas cosas sobre mi.

7  Yo que tu no lo firmaría.

8. ¿Es un niño?

9. Te toca a ti pagar.

10. No importa. Lo haré yo.

11. Hace un montón de tiempo que no se nada de Miguel.

12. Que bien! Ya son las cinco.

13. Déjalo encima de la mesa.

14. ¿Quién es?

15. Parece que va a llover.

16. Es demasiado tarde para ir de compras.

17. ¿De parte de quien ? Soy yo. ¿No sabes quien soy?  

18. Encantado verte de nuevo.

19. No te preocupes. Yo me encargo y te llamo cuando sepa algo.

20. Ya estamos en primavera.

21. Aquí dice que no puedo sacar el dinero hasta el año que viene. No me gusta.

22. Me suena, pero no me acuerdo donde lo vi.

23. Mira, es Silvia. ¿Que está haciendo aquí en Japón? El mundo es un pañuelo.

24. Hace un frío que pela.

25. Hace mucho viento, así que no se si podremos ir en bici.
26. ¿Que te parece mi cuadro? Me gusta muchísimo. ¿Me lo vendes?

Listen to this great song "It´s my life" by Bon Jovi
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SKFwtgUJHs

“AIN´T” es una palabra coloquial en lugar de usar el verbo ser / estar: isn´t / aren´t

Lyrics                                                  Translated by alan.m

This ain’t a song for                                          No es una canción para

the broken-hearted                                           los que tengan el corazón roto
No silent prayer for                                            Ninguna oración en silencio para

the faith-departed                                              los sin fe
I ain’t gonna be just                                           No voy a ser simplemente

a face in the crowd                                            una cara en la multitud
You’re gonna hear my voice                            Vas a oir mi voz
When I shout it out loud                                   Cuando lo grite bien fuerte

Chorus:
It’s my life                                                            Es me vida
It’s now or never                                                 Es ahora o nunca
I ain’t gonna live forever                                   No voy a vivir para siempre
I just want to live while I’m alive                     Solo quiero vivir mientras estoy vivo
(it’s my life)                                                          Es mi vida
My heart is like an open highway                    Mi corazón es como una carretera abierta
Like frankie said                                                  Es como dijo Frankie
I did it my way                                                     Lo hice a mi manera
I just wanna live while I’m alive                       Solo quiero vivir mientras estoy vivo
It’s my life                                                             Es mi vida

This is for the ones                                              Esto es para aquellos        

who stood their ground                                     quienes que no han cedido terreno
For tommy and gina                                            Para Tommy y Gina

who never backed down                                    quienes nunca se han echado para atrás
Tomorrow’s getting harder                                Mañana será más difícil

Make no mistake                                                  Te lo aseguro                                                 
Luck ain’t even lucky                                            La suerte ni siquiera tiene suerte
Got to make your own breaks                            Tienes que tomar tus propias decisiones
Chorus:
It’s my life
And it’s now or never                                          “                  “                 “ 
I ain’t gonna live forever
I just want to live while I’m alive
(it’s my life)
My heart is like an open highway
Like frankie said                                                   “                 “                   “
I did it my way
I just want to live while I’m alive
It’s my life
Better stand tall when                                        Mejor estar bien alto cuando

they’re calling you out                                        te llamen
Don’t bend, don’t break,                                    No te dobles, no te rompas

baby, don’t back down                                       nena, no te eches para atrás

Chorus:
It’s my life
And it’s now or never                                         “                 “                   “  
’cause I ain’t gonna live forever
I just want to live while I’m alive
(it’s my life)
My heart is like an open highway
Like frankie said
I did it my way
I just want to live while I’m alive                      “               “                   “

Chorus:
It’s my life
And it’s now or never
’cause I ain’t gonna live forever
I just want to live while I’m alive
(it’s my life)
My heart is like an open highway
Like frankie said
I did it my way
I just want to live while I’m alive                     «                «                   «
’cause it’s my life!
Fuente: Quedeletras.com

Escucha como pronuncio las frases de abajo para comprobarlas con la tuyas

Translation solution

1. It wasn´t our fault.

2. It would be better not to say anything at the moment.

3. It was rather expensive, so we went to another place to have dinner.

4. Did the boss give it to you ? It´s none of your business.

5. It was a big mistake to go by car.

6. It really ticks me off that your friend says those things about me.

7. If I were you, I wouldn´t sign it.

8. Is it a boy ?

9. It´s your turn to pay.

10. It doesn´t matter. I´ll do it.

11. It´s a long time I don´t know anything about Miguel.

12. How nice ! It´s already five o´clock.

13. Leave it on the table.

14. Who is it ?

15. It looks like it´s going to rain.

16. It´s too late to go shopping.

17. Who´s calling? It´s me. Don´t you know who I am?

18. It´s nice to see you again.

19. Don´t worry. I´ll see to it and I´ll call you when I know something.

20. It´s already Spring.

21. It says here I can´t check out the money until next year. I don´t like it.

22. It rings a bell, but I can´t remember where I saw it.

23. Look, it´s Silvia. What´s she doing here in Japan? It´s a small world.

24. It´s freezing (AmE) o It´s bloody cold (BrE)

25. It´s very windy, so I don´t know if we´ll be able to go by bicycle.
26. What do you think about my painting? I like it a very much. Will you sell it to me?