lunes, 26 de noviembre de 2012

154.) Ejercicio de traducción: "LOS VERBOS MODALES"


Los "VERBOS MODALES" son "Verbos Auxiliares"que dan mas información acerca de un verbo principal

Se usan para expresar:
PROBABILIDAD 
NECESIDAD
ESPECULACÍON
HABILIDAD

This is the famous "Tomatina" festival which is celebrated every year in Buñol, Spain


"They all should have a shower" = Todos deberían ducharse






Estos son los "VERBOS MODALES:  (VER EL TEMA 27 PARA MAS INFORMACIÓN)

1.) CAN - COULD      = puede / podía, podría 

*Recordar que "CAN" también significa "SABER" (al referirse a una habilidad)
Ejemplos:
- He can play the piano very well  = El sabe tocar el piano muy bien
Can you speak three languages? = ¿Sabes hablar tres idiomas?


2.) MAY - MIGHT  = PUEDE QUE: (a veces se puede usar una o la otra)

*Se usa "MAY" para expresar "una cierta posibilidad"(y a veces si ves que algo va a ocurrir con tus propios ojos)

Ejemplos:
- I may go to Susan´s party   = Puede que vaya a la fiesta de Susan
- It may rain at any moment  = Puede que llueva en cualquier momento
- We may visit you next weekend = Puede que te visitemos el próximo fin de semana

*Se usa "MIGHT": para expresar que la posibilidad es mucho menor

Ejemplo:
- We might buy a new house, but we aren´t sure  = Puede que compramos una casa, pero no  estamos seguros
- I might go to Chicago  = Puede que me vaya a Chicago
- She might get married this summer  = Puede que se case este verano

3.) WILL / WOULD    = auxiliares para el "futuro y condicional"

*WILL también se usa para pedir con mas énfasis que alguien te haga algo 

Ejemplos:
- Where would you like to travel to?  = ¿A donde te gustaría viajar?
- I would like to go to New Zealand  =  Me gustaría a Nueva Zelanda.
- Will you please answer the telephone?  = ¿Puedes contestar el teléfono por favor?
- Will you make me a coffee?  = ¿Me haces un café?
- Will you buy me a book at the bookshop?  = ¿Me compras un libro en la librería?

4.)  MUST  = DEBER 
5.) *SHOULD  = DEBERÍA  
6.) *OUGHT TO   = DEBERÍA

Se usa "MUST" para aconsejar y también se usa para expresar obligación
- You must go to Las Vegas. It´s a lot of fun  = Debes ir a Las Vegas. Es muy divertido
- He fell down and his leg is broken. We must take him to the hospital  = Se cayó y su pierna está rota. Debemos llevarlo al hospital
- You mustn´t smoke here  = No debes fumar aquí
- We must leave early to catch the train  =  Debemos salir temprano para coger el tren

*Pero si que suele haber una pequeña diferencia entre "SHOULD y OUGHT TO":

- Se suele usar "SHOULD" cuando te expresas con la mente
- Se suele usar "OUGHT TO" cuando de expresas con el corazón...mas emotivo 

Normalmente es mas común y fácil usar "Should" que "Ought to"
Ejemplos:
- You should study more if you want to pass the test  = Deberías estudiar mas si quieres aprobar el exámen
- Your sister should be more careful  =  Tu hermana debería tener más cuidado
- You´re mother is worried. You ought to call her  = Tu madre está preocupada. Deberías llamarla
- She ought to call her mother more often  = Ella debería llamar a su madre más a menudo

7.) NEEDN´T  = NO HACE FALTA QUE / NO ES NECESARIO
Ejemplos:
-You needn´t take me to the airport  = No hace falta que me lleves al aeropuerto
-We needn´t worry. They know what they´re doing  = No hace falta que nos preocupemos. Saben lo que hacen
*-You needn´t call me everyday  = No hace falta que me llames todos los días

* Es más fácil decir: You don´t need to call me everyday

*Recordar que se usan los verbos modales + el verbo en infinitivo SIN "to"excepto "ought to"



                                                          "You ought to see a dentist"





Poner el verbo modal correcto en las siguientes frases (ver solución mas abajo) 
1. You................take your passport in case you ever need it when you travel.
2. I ................................spend so much money on that car if I were you.
3. .............you speak English and Spanish fluently?
4. Yes, I ................, but I wish I.........................also speak Chinese.
5. You.....................buy me anything.
6. I´m seriously thinking that I...................go to Australia to practice my English and find a job.
7. What ........................you do if you were me?
8. .....................you please help me move the piano? It´s too heavy for me to do it alone.
9. Juan...................play tennis quite well when he was younger.
10. I...................meet you later at the restuarant.
11. The sun is coming out. I think it ......................not rain today.
12. What´s the matter Daddy? My tooth hurts a lot. You..................see a dentist tomorrow.
13. You ......................say those things in front of Pepe. I...................see he get´s angry.
14. I.......................find my keys anywhere.
15. You...................have left them in your car. Or you..................have left them at the restaurant.
16. .......................you mind picking me up at home tomorrow morning?
17. I...............call them if I were you.
18. ..................you do me a favor? (formal)

Ejercicio de traducción (Ver la solución debajo de la letra de la canción) 

1. No estoy seguro si puedo ir a la fiesta el viernes por la noche.
2. Yo tampoco puedo ir.
3. ¿Me puedes ayudar?
4. Aunque estudie mucho, no creo que pueda aprobar el examen.
5. Mira el cielo. Puede que llueva a cántaros dentro de nada.
6. Me pregunto donde está Paula. Puede que esté en la biblioteca. (crees que no)
7. ¿Cuantos idiomas sabes hablar?
8. Deberías cortarte el pelo. Lo llevas demasiado largo.
9. Yo que tu, no me iría en coche.
10. Si tengo tiempo, te llamo.
11. Me duele la muela. Pues deberías pedir hora para ir al dentista.
12. Debes terminar el informe antes del Jueves.
13. Debería de haber comprado unas botas nuevas.
14. Deberíamos darnos prisa si no queremos perder el tren.
15. Puede que vayamos al cine esta noche. (muy seguro)
16. ¿Me puedes cambiar un billete de cincuenta dólares?
17. Me iré contigo si también me dejas conducir.
18. Nos perdimos y no pudimos coger el vuelo de las ocho de la mañana.
19. ¿Te importaría recogerme un poco mas tarde?
20. ¿Me ayudas a levantar esta caja pesada?
21. Me lo podrías haber dicho en la fiesta en lugar de ahora.
22. Puede que no vaya a Londres para estudiar inglés, quizás me vaya a Irlanda.
23. ¿Puedo usar su teléfono? (formal)
24. ¿Que harías tu? Yo me compraría esa marca de tele.
25. No nos iremos sin ellos.
26. Como ya he terminado todo el trabajo, puede que me vaya contigo de compras.
27. Le dijiste a mi madre que siempre me cuidarías.
28. Deberías haber llevado el coche al taller.
29. No hace falta que me lleves al aeropuerto.

Listen to this song by Taylor Swift called "You should´ve said no" = Deberías haber dicho que no
There are other modal verbs in the song
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQZxq_aCW8o



Lyrics                                                          Translation by alan

It's strange to think                                          Es extraño pensar
the songs we used to sing                                las canciones que solíamos cantar
The smiles, the flowers,                                   Las sonrisas, las flores,
everything: is gone                                          todo: se ha ido
Yesterday I found out about you                       Ayer me enteré algo di ti
Even now just looking at you:                           Incluso ahora mirándote
feels wrong                                                     algo va mal
You say that you'd take it all back,                  Dices que te retractarías de todo,
given one chance                                            dada una oportunidad
It was a moment of weakness                          Fue un momento de debilidad
and you said yes...                                          y tu dijiste que si...

[Chorus:] 

You should've said no,                                    Deberías haber dicho que no, 
you should've gone home                                  Deberías haberte ido a casa 
You should've thought twice                            Deberías haberlo pensado dos veces
before you let it all go                                        antes de que lo dejaras todo
You should've known that word,                       Deberías haber sabido esa palabra,
about what you did with her                                lo que hiciste con ella
Would get back to me...                                    LLegaría a mis oidos
And I should've been there,                                Y debería haber estado allí,
in the back of your mind                                     en el fondo de tu mente
I shouldn't be asking myself why                       No debería estar preguntándome porque
You shouldn't be begging for                             Deberías estar suplicando
forgiveness at my feet...                                     el perdón a mis pies
You should've said no,                                     Deberías haber dicho que no,
baby and you might still have me                       cariño que puede que aún me podrías tener  

You can see that I've been crying                        Puedes ver que he estado llorando
And baby you know                                            Y cariño tu sabes
all the right things: to say                                    todas las cosas adecuadas que decir
But do you honestly                                            Pero sinceramente
expect me to believe                                           esperas que creas 
We could ever be the same...                           Que jamás podríamos ser los mismos
You say that the past is the past,                        Dices que el pasado es el pasado,
you need one chance                                          necesitas una oportunidad mas
It was a moment of weakness                              Fue un momento de debilidad
and you said yes...                                             Y tu dijiste que si 

[Repeat Chorus] 

You should've said no,                                          "                 "           "
you should've gone home 
You should've thought twice 
before you let it all go 
You should've know that word, 
about what you did with her 
Would get back to me... 
And I should've been there,                                   "                "            "
in the back of your mind 
I shouldn't be asking myself why 
You shouldn't be begging for
 forgiveness at my feet... 
You should've said no, 
baby and you might still have me                          "                 "           "

I can't resist... before you go,                               No me puedo resistir...antes de que te vayas
tell me this                                                         dime esto
Was it worth it...                                                 Valió la pena...
Was she worth this...                                          Valió ella la pena 

No... no no no... 

[Repeat Chorus] 

You should've said no,                                         "                 "           "
you should've gone home 
You should've thought twice 
before you let it all go 
You should've know that word, 
about what you did with her 
Would get back to me... 
And I should've been there,                                   "                "           "
in the back of your mind 
I shouldn't be asking myself why 
You shouldn't be begging for
 forgiveness at my feet... 
You should've said no, baby 
and you might still have me                                  "                "           "

Solución:Verbo modal correcto
1. must  2. wouldn´t  3. can   4. can / would   5. needn´t   6. may   7. would   8. would   9. could
10. will   11. might   12. ought to   13. mustn´t / can    14. couldn´t   15. may / might   16. Would
17. would  18. Could

Translation solution
1. I´m not sure if I can go to the party Friday night.
2. I can´t go either o Neither can I.
3. Can you help me?
4. Although I study a lot, I don´t think I can pass the test.
5. Look at the sky. It may rain cats and dogs in no time at all.
6. I wonder where Paula is! She might be in the library.
7. How many languages can you speak?
8. You should get your hair cut. You´re wearing it too long.
9. If I were you, I wouldn´t go by car.
10. If I have time, I´ll call you
11. My tooth hurts. Well, you should make an appointment to go to the dentist.
12. You must finish the report by Thursday.
13. I should have bought some new boots.
14. We should hurry up if we don´t want to miss the train.
15. We may go to the cinema tonight.
16. Can you change me a fifty dollar bill?
17. I´ll go with you if you also let me drive.
18. We got lost and we couldn´t catch the eight o´clock morning flight.
19. Would you mind picking me up a little bit later?
20. Would you help me lift this heavy box?
21. You could have told me at the party instead of now.
22. I might not go to London to study English, perhaps I may go to Ireland.
23. May I use your phone?
24. What would you do? I would buy that television brand.
25. We won´t go without them.
26. As I´ve already finished all the work, I may go shopping with you.
27. You told my mother that you would always take care of me.
28. You *should´ve taken the car to the garage.
*"should´ve" es la contracción de "should have"
29. You needn´t take me to the airport.
















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