387. LOS VERBOS AUXILIARES CON LOS 9 TIEMPOS VERBALES

Cuando se estudia el inglés, siempre es complicado usar los VERBOS AUXILIARES, pero en realidad es fácil porque solo hay que pensar en que tiempo verbal quieres usar

                                                 Do you know what time the bus arrives?


ESTOS SON LOS VERBOS AUXILIARES:

AM / IS / ARE / WAS / WERE / DO / DOES / DID / HAVE / HAS / WILL / WOULD

NORMALMENTE SE USAN CON LOS VERBOS PRINCIPALES PARA FORMAR FRASES AFIRMATIVAS, NEGATIVAS Y INTERROGATIVAS CON LOS 9 TIEMPOS VERBALES



1. CON EL VERBO SER / ESTAR

   SE USA ESTOS AUXILAIRES: AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE
- I am very sleepy this morning  = Tengo mucho sueño esta mañana
- There is a lot of traffic  = Hay mucho trafico
- There are a lot of people  = Hay mucha gente
- There was an earthquake  = Hubo un terremoto
- There were a lot of motorcycles  = Habia muchas motos
- Is there any coffee?  = ¿Hay café?
- Was there a lot of traffic?  = ¿Habia mucho trafico?
- Are there any apples?  = ¿Hay manzanas?
- Are you hungry?  = ¿Tienes hambre?
- Were you busy?  = ¿Estabas ocupado?
- Are you married? No, I´m not  = ¿Estas casado? No lo estoy
- Where are you from?  = ¿De donde eres?
- I wasn´t tired  = No estaba cansado
- Was your friend at the party? No, he wasn´t  = ¿Estaba tu amigo en la fiesta?
- Where were you? We were at the beach  = ¿Donde estabais? Estuvimos en la playa
- Are there a lot of people?  = ¿Hay mucha gente?
- Is it a nice hotel?  = ¿Es un hotel bonito?
- Is there a message for me?  No, there isn´t  = ¿Hay un mensaje para mi?


2. PRESENTE CONTINUO

SE USA EL VERBO SER / ESTAR + VERBO EN GERUNDIO:
"AM / IS / ARE"
- What are you doing?  = ¿Que estás haciendo?
- Are you watching television? No, I´m not  = ¿Estás viendo la tele? No
- We are studying for the exam  = Estamos estudiando para el examen
- What is Thomas doing?   =   ¿Que está haciendo Thomas?
- He´s painting my house   = Está pintando mi casa
- Is everyone eating?  = ¿Están todos comiendo?
- Are you sleeping?  = ¿Estás durmiendo?
- What is your boss doing?  = ¿Que está haciendo tu jefe
- Look. There is an old man crossing the road  = Mira. Hay un viejo cruzando la carretera
- There are a lot of children playing football  = Hay muchos niños jugando al futbol
- How long are you living in Boston?  = ¿Cuanto tiempo vives en Boston?


3. PASADO CONTINUO

SE USA "WAS Y WERE"
SE USA EL VERBO SER / ESTAR EN PASADO CON EL VERBO PRINCIPAL EN GERUNDIO
- I wasn´t listening to you  = No te escuchaba
- Were you sleeping?  No, I wasn´t  = ¿Estabas durmiendo? No
- Was Susan crying?  = ¿Estaba llorando Susan?
- We weren´t waiting a long time  = No estuvimos esperando mucho
- Were you getting nervous?  = Te estabas poniendo nerviosa
- I was working hard all day  = Estaba trabajando duro todo el dia
- We were driving all night  = Estuvimos conduciendo toda la noche

4. PRESENTE SIMPLE
   
SE USA "DO y DOES"
- Do you have a job?  Yes, I do  = ¿Tienes trabajo? Si que tengo
- Do you like it?  = ¿Te gusta?
- I don´t know  = No lo se
- We don´t go out a lot  =  No salimos mucho
- Andrea doesn´t have a car  = Andrea no tiene un coche

RECORDAR SE USA "DOES" PARA TERCERA PERSONA SINGULAR: HE / SHE / IT
- Does your sister speak English?  = ¿Tu hermana habla ingles?
- Susan doesn´t smoke  = Susan no fuma
- Does your boss give you a lot of work?  = ¿Tu jefe te da mucho trabajo?
- How much does it cost?  = ¿Cuanto cuesta?
- He doesn´t like his job because it´s boring  = No le gusta su trabajo porque es aburido

5. PASADO SIMPLE
   
SE USA "DID" PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS EN SINGULAR Y EN PLURAL + EL    VERBO EN PRESENTE  
- Did you work this weekend?  = ¿Trabajastes este fin de semana?
- Did Maria go on vacation?  = ¿Se fue Maria de vacaciones?
- Did your parents get angry?  = ¿Se enfadaron tus padres?
- I didn´t repair my laptop yet  = Aun no he reparado mi portatil
- They didn´t say anything  = No dijeron nada
- We didn´t buy anything  = No compramos nada
- Did he sell his car? No, he didn´t  = ¿Vendió su coche? No

6. PRESENTE PERFECTO
   
SE USA "HAVE Y HAS"
   (ESTE TIEMPO VERBAL ES INGLES BRITÁNICO USANDO "HAVE O HAS")
   (EN INGLES AMERICANO SE USA EL PASADO SIMPLE USAANDO "DID")
Ingles Am = Did you see the movie?
Ingles Br =  Have you seen the film?
(El ingles Br es mas dificil porque tienes que saberte el participio pasado del verbo)
- Have you eaten?  = ¿Has comido?
- Has Susana gone to the beach?  = ¿Se ha ido Susana a la playa?
- Have they arrived?  = ¿Han llegado?
- He hasn´t slept well  = Ni ha dormido bien
- We haven´t seen Marcos  = No hemos visito a Marcos
- I haven´t done my homework  = No he hecho mis deberes

7. FUTURO SIMPLE
   
SE USA "WILL"
- We will arrive a little late  =  Llegaremos un poco tarde
- Will you work this weekend?  No, I won´t  = ¿Trabajarás este fin de semana? No
- Will it rain tomorrow? I think so  = ¿Lloverá mañana? Creo que si
- Will you pick me up at the airport?  = ¡Me recogerás en el aeropuerto?
- We won´t go out tonight  = No saldremos esta noche
- Why won´t to go to the party?  =  ¿Porqué no irás a la fiesta?
- Will your brother get better?  =  ¿Se mejorará tu hermano?
- I´ll call you later  = Te llamo mas tarde

8. FUTURO PLANEADO ( para algo que ya tienes planeado para hacer)
    
SE USA EL VERBO SER O ESTAR EN PRESENTE O EN PASADO + GOING  / GOING TO
- What are you going to this weekend? = ¿Que vas a hacer este fin de semana?
- I´m going to ride my motorcycle  = Voy a ir en moto
- Are you going alone?  = ¿Te vas solo?
- No, I´m going with some friends  =  No, voy a ir con unos amigos
- Is your sister going to buy a car?  = ¿Tu hermana se va a comprar un coche?
- We´re going to see a movie at the cinema tonight  = Vamos a ver una peli en el cine esta noche
- My uncle is going to sell his old motorcycle  = Mi tio va a vender su vieja moto
- What time are you going to leave?  = ¿A que hora vas a salir?
- I thought you were going away this weekend!  = Pensaba que te ibas fuera este fin de semana!

9. WOULD 
    
SE USA PARA WOULD + VERBO EN PRESENTE PARA FORMAR UNA FRASE CONDICIONAL. 
(SE PUEDE USAR WOULD PARA OFRECER ALGO) O PARA PEDIR ALGO
- Would you like a coffee?  = ¿Quieres un café?
- Would you like me to help you paint your bedroom?  = ¿Quieres que te ayude a pintar tu dormitorio?
- Would you be so kind and make me a coffee?  =  ¿Serias tan amable y me haces un café?
- Would you please take me to the airport?  = ¿Me llevas al aeropuerto por favor?

TAMBIEN SE USA WOULD PARA PEDIR ALGO
- Would you mind if I use your telefone?  = ¿Te importaria si usara tu telefono?
- Would  you mind taking me to the airport?  = ¿Te importaria llevarme al aeropuerto?
- Would you mind turning down the television?  = ¿Te importaria bajar la tele? 

Y SI USA WOULD + EL VERBO EN PRESENTE PARA FORMAR UNA FRASE CONDICIONAL  
- Where would you like to go on vacation?  = ¿Donde te gustaría ir de vacaciones?
- I would like to go to Greece  = Me gustaría ir a Grecia
- What would you do if you won the lottery  =  ¿Que harias se ganaras la loteria?
- I think I would travel  = Creo que viajaría
- Where would you like to go?   = ¿A donde te gustaría ir?
- Would you mind closing the door  = ¿Te importará cerrar la puerta?
- Would you travel a lot if you didn´t have to work?  = ¡Viajarías mucho si no tuvieras que trabajar?

*(Al USAR "MIND" = IMPORTAR, EL SIGUIENTE VERBO VA EN GERUNDIO)
- Would you mind calling later?  = ¿Te importaría llamar mas tarde?
- Would you mind going to the supermarket?  = ¿Te importaria ir al supermercado?
- I wouldn´t mind eating Japanese food tonight  = No me importaría comer comida japonesa esta noche


UN TEXTO USANDO LOS AUXILIARES (escúchame)

Hi Susan. How was your day?
Did you do anything interesting?
I went with my friends to the beach.
It was nice because it wasn´t so hot.
By the way, are you coming to the party?
I´m not sure if I will go?
I´m going to work this weekend and I have to get up early.
What do you do? I work in a big supermarket.
Do you like your job?
Yes, because I do a lot of things, the salary is good and I have a nice boss.
Does your boss sometimes get angry?
No, he´s a very calm person.
Next month I´m going on vacation.
Where are you going? I don´t know yet.
I was thinking of going to Greece.
Wow. I was also thinking of going to Greece!
Will it cost a lot of money? No, I don´t think so.
Would you like to come with me? Yes, I would
Have you been to Greece? No, I haven´t
I have always thought it would be nice to visit this counrty
How long do you want to be there?
Well, I was thinking around 10 days


Ejercicio
Poner el auxiliar correcto (ver solucion mas abajo)

1. ...............you waiting for me this morning? No I ................ .
2. I ..............very thirsty
3. .................there any coffee?
4. He................like his job because it´s boring
5. ...............you like her? Yes I ..............
6. .....................there a lot of people in the meeting?
7. ...................the boss in his office? No, he ............
8. ..................there enough time to catch the train?
9. There..................any milk (frase neg.)
10. ...................you go to the supermarket later?
11 ...................Susana angry? Yes, she.................
12. Where....................you going tomorrow?
13. ..................you eaten? Yes, I ....................
14. When..................they coming? I ...............know
15. Why.................Susana smoke so much?
16. ............you go to the dentist yesterday?
17. ...................you sleeping when I called you?
18. When..........your brother going to Germany?
19. There............a lot of traffic today
20. I .................waiting for you at the bus stop
21. .................you like a coffee?
22. ......................you interested in this job?
23. ................... you like to work in another country?
24. ............you mind closing the door?
25. Alex...............like British food (frase neg)
26. We................be on vacation for two weeks
27. We...............never been to Italy
28. How long...............you living in Spain?

Traducir estas frases al ingles usando los auxiliares correctos (ver solucion mas abajo?
1. ¿Que estas haciendo? Estoy pintando la cocina
2. Te estaba esperando en el restaurante
3. Porque no me llamastes? Estaba muy ocupado
4. No están en casa
5. Están de vacaciones
6. ¿Cuando te vas de vacaciones?
7. No lo se todavia
8. ¿Tienes tiempo para estudiar ingles?
9. No me compré el coche
10. Hay un problema con el ordenador
11. Habia mucho trafico
12. ¿Que vas hacer hoy?
13. Quizás me voy a la playa
14. ¿Hablaste con ellos?
15. Al final no fuimos al cine
16. ¿Has comido?  (hay dos formas para hacer la frase)
17. ¿Te vienes conmigo al cine?
18. ¿Me estabas llamando?
19. Estaba tu jefe enfadado?
20. No sabia que hacer
21. ¿Lo sabe el?
22. ¿Que hacéis?
22. Estamos limpiando la casa
23. Cuanto café bebes?
24. No me compré el portatil
25. Era muy caro
26. Estaré en casa todo el dia
27. ¿Cuanto tiempo estarás en Los Angeles?
28. ¿Te importaria llevarme al aeropuerto?


The Contours sing: "Do you love me"
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Muu7FxdCG4U

Respuestas del ejercicio
1. were / wasn´t  2. am  3. Is  4. doesn´t  5. Do / do  6. Are  7. Is / isn´t  8. Is  9. isn´t  10. Will
11. Is /is  12. are  13. Have / have  14. are / don´t  15. does  16. Did  17. were  18. is  19. is
20. was  21. Would  22. Are  23. Would  24. Would  25. doesn´t  26. will  27. have  28. are

Ejercicio de traducucion
1. What are you doing? I´m painting the kitchen
2. I was waiting for you at the restaurant
3. Why didn´t you call me?  I was very busy
4. They aren´t at home
5. They´re on vacation
6. When are going on vacation?
7. I don´t know yet
8. Do you have time to study English?
9. I didn´t buy the car
10.There´s a problem with the computer
11.There was a lot of traffic
12.What are you going to do today?
13.Perhaps I´ll go to the beach
14.Did you speak to them?
15.In the end we didn´t go to the cinema
16.Have you eaten?  / Did you eat?
17.Will you come with me to the cinema?
18.Were you calling me?
19.Was your boss angry?
20.I didn´t know what to do
21.Does he know?
22.What are you doing?
23.How much coffee do you drink?
24.I didn´t buy the laptop
25.It was very expensive
26.I´ll be at home all day
27.How long will you be in Los Angeles?
28.Would you mind taking me to the airport?