miércoles, 25 de junio de 2014

194. "QUESTION WORDS" = Palabras para hacer frases interrogativas

 "QUESTIONS WORDS" - Palabras para hacer frases interrogativas. 


Do you think this is a very big beautiful cat?



La regla para hacer las frases interrogativas es ésta:


"QUESTION WORD" + AUXILIAR  + SUJETO + ADVERBIO VERBO PRINCIPAL + EL OBJECTO DE LA FRASE 


Ejemplo:


Question word / Auxiliar /  sujeto /   adverbio /      verbo principal  /    objeto de la frase
- Where            do       you     usually        have lunch      at work?
¿Donde comes normalmente en el trabajo
En esta frase, podemos ver que en inglés se traduce diferente que en español. Siempre hay que seguir la regla de arriba para construir las frase correctamente. 
Hay que pensar en como hay que decirlo en inglés...y no traducirlo literalmente del español. 

*Y claro, no siempre hay que usar un adverbio
Ejemplos:

  Auxiliar  /     sujeto  /          verbo              objeto
-Does  your sister      work   weekends?
¿Tu hermana trabaja los fines de semana?

Auxiliar / sujeto / verbo /         objeto  

-Did      you     go    to  the beach  this weekend?
¿Fuiste a la playa este fin de semana?


The Contours sing this great song from the movie Dirty Dancing

 " Do you love me"?
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhW7WcUYOZM





PALABRAS PARA HACER FRASES INTERROGATIVAS

VERBOS AUXILIARES

1. DO (verbo auxiliar para presente simple y todas las personas, excepto para tercera persona singular)

- Do you always get up early in the morning?  =  ¿Siempre te levantas temprano por la mañana?
- Do I snore at night?  =  ¿Ronco por la noche?
- Do you eat an apple everyday?  =  ¿Comes una mazana todos los días?

2. DOES (verbo auxiliar para el presente simple y para la tercera persona singular)
- Does your sister play the piano?  =  ¿Tu hermana toca el piano?
- Does Susana speak Spanish?  =  ¿Susana habla el español?
- Does your dog sleep under the bed?  =  ¿Tu perro duerme debajo de la cama?

3. DID (auxiliar para formar el pasado simple)
- Did you go out last night ?  =  ¿Saliste anoche?
- Did your boss get angry with you?  =  ¿Se enfadó tu jefe contigo?
- Did Juan call you?  =  ¿Te llamó Juan?

4. IS  (verbo ser / estar)
- Is your sister happy with her new boyfriend?   =  ¿Está contenta tu hermana con su nuevo novio?
- Is that your new car?  =  ¿Es ese tu coche nuevo?
- Is your mother happy?  =  ¿Es feliz tu madre?

* "IS" tambien se usa para el futuro planeado usando "going to"
- Is your sister going to study medicine?  =  ¿Tu hermana va a estudiar medicina?
- Is your boss going to Madrid?  =  ¿Tu jefe se va a Madrid?

*Y tambien para El Presente Continuo
- Is your mother sleeping?  =  ¿Está tu madre durmiendo?
- Is it raining?  = ¿ Está lloviendo?
- Is Susana still cooking?  =  ¿Aún está Susana cocinando?

5. ARE (verbo ser / estar)
- Are you at the beach?  =  ¿Estás en la playa?
- Are your friends from Italy?  =  ¿Tus amigos son de italia?
- Are there any tomatoes?  =  ¿Hay tomates?

*Usando "Are" para el futuro planeado ("GOING TO")
Are you finally going to live in Canada?  =  ¿Por fín vas a vivir en Canada?
- Are you going to buy a new car?  =  ¿Te vas a comprar un coche nuevo?
- Are your friends going to come?  =  ¿Van a venir tus amigos?

*Y tambien se usa "ARE" para El Presente Continuo

- Are you making dinner for everyone?  =  ¿Estás haciendo la cena para todos?
- Are they having a good time at the party?  =  ¿ Lo están pasando bien en la fiesta?
- Are the children swimming?  =  ¿Están nadando los niños?

6. IS THERE  =  HAY (para cosas incontables en singular)
- Is there any coffee?  =  ¿Hay café?
- Is there any cold beer in the fridge?  =  ¿Hay cerveza fría en la nevera?
- Is there another pillow?  =  ¿Hay otra almohada?

*Tambien para el futuro planeado
- Is there going to be a party tonight?  =  ¿Va a haber una fiesta esta noche?
- Is there going to be a lot of food?  =  ¿Va a haber mucha comida?
- Is there going to be any music?  = ¿Va a haber musica?
 
7. ARE THERE  =  HAY (para cosas contables en plural)
- Are there a lot of tourists in your city?  =  ¿Hay muchos turistas en tu ciudad?
- Are there any chocolate cookies?  =  ¿Hay galletas de chocolate?
- Are there a lot of people?  =   Hay mucha gente?  

*Tambien para el futuro planeado
- Are there going to be a lot of people?  =  ¿Va a haber mucha gente?
- Are there going to be any good groups?  = ¿Va a  haber buenos grupos?
- Are there going to be enough chairs?  = ¿Va a haber bastantes sillas?

*Y tambien para El Presente Continuo 
- Are there a lot of people waiting in line?  = Hay mucha gente esperando en la cola?
- Are there any doctors working today?  = ¿Hay medicos trabajando hoy?

8. WAS THERE  =  HABÍA  (cosas incontables en singular)

- Was there a lot of noise in the street?  =  ¿Había mucho ruido en la calle?
- Was there enough food for everyone?  = ¿Había bastante comida para todos?
- Was there plenty of food?  = ¿ Había comida de sobra?

9. WERE THERE  = HABÍA (cosas contables en plural)
- Were there a lot of cars on the road?  =  Había muchos coches en la carretera?
- Were there enough tables?  =  ¿Había bastantes mesas?
- Were there any Spanish students?  =  ¿Había alumnos españoles?

10. HAVE / HAS (auxiliar para formar el pretérito perfecto)
- Have you ever been to Australia?  =  ¿Has estado alguna vez en Australia?
- Has your brother always lived with his parents?  = ¿Tu hermano siempre ha vivido con sus padres?
- Has your boss spoken to you?  = ¿Tu jefe ha hablado contigo? 

11WILL (auxiliar para el futuro simple)
Will you go abroad if you can´t find a job here?  =  ¿Te irás al extranjero si no puedes encontrar un trabajo aqui?
Will your boss be away next week?  =  ¿Estará fuera tu jefe la semana que viene?
- Will Alex be happy?  = Será feliz Alex?

12WOULD (auxiliar para formar el condicional)
Would you work in another country?  =  ¿Trabajarías en otro país?
Would you like another piece of cake?  =  ¿Te gustaría / Quieres otro trozo de tarta?
- Would you come with me to London?  = ¿Vendrías conmigo a Londres?

13SHALL (para hacer sujerencias para el futuro inmediato o mas lejano)
Shall I call you first thing in the morning?  =  ¿Te llamoprimera hora de la mañana?
Shall we go out for dinner tonight?  =  ¿Salimos a cenar esta noche?
- Shall we visit your uncle in Scotland this summer?  =  ¿Visitamos a tu tio en Escocia este verano?

PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS

14WHAT  = QUE
- What does your father do?  =  ¿A que se dedica tu padre?
- What does this word mean?  =  ¿Que significa esta palabra?
- What do you want?  =  ¿Que quieres?

15. WHICH = QUE/ (CUAL) (cuando hay varios para elegir)
- Which of these boots do you like more?  =  ¿Cual de estas botas te gusta mas?
- Which is your favorite movie?  =  ¿Cual es tu película favorita?
- Which T.V. do you prefer?  = ¿Que tele prefieres?

16. WHERE  = DONDE
- Where are you from?  =  ¿De donde eres?
- Where do you live?  = ¿Donde vives?
- Where does your sister live?  =  ¿Donde vive tu hermana?

17. HOW  =  COMO
- How did you come to work this morning?  =  ¿Como veniste al trabajo esta mañana?
- How do you feel?  =  ¿Como te encuentras?
- How do you know?  =  ¿Como lo sabes?

18. WHEN  =  CUANDO
- When will your friends arrive?  =  ¿Cuando llegarán tus amigos?
- When are you going to Australia?  =  ¿Cuando te vas a Australia?
- When did you arrive?  =  ¿Cuando llegaste?

19. WHO  =  QUIEN
- Who did you meet at the party?  =  ¿A quien conociste en la fiesta?
- Who were you talking to in the street?  =  ¿Con quien estabas hablando en la calle?
- Who´s that?  = ¿Quien es ese?

20. WHY  =  PORQUÉ
- Why was your boss so angry with everyone?  =  ¿Porqué estaba tu jefe tan enfadado con todo el mundo?
- Why didn´t you call me last night?  =  ¿Porque no me llamaste anoche?
- Why are you tired?  = ¿ Porqué estas cansado?

21. WHOSE  =  DE QUIEN  - (WHOSE + SUSTANTIVO)
- Whose keys are these on the table?  =  ¿De quien son estas llaves encima de la mesa?
- Whose tennis racket is this?  =  ¿De quien es esta raqueta de tenis?
- Whose keys are these?  =  ¿De quien son estas llaves?

22. HOW MUCH  =  CUANTO
- How much money do you usually spend on clothes?  =  ¿Cuanto dinero te gastas normalmente en ropa?
- How much coffee do you drink during the day?  =  ¿Cuanto café bebes durante el día?
- How much does it cost?  =  ¿Cuanto cuesta?

23. WHAT KIND  =  QUE CLASE / QUE TIPO
- What kind of music do you listen to at night?  =  ¿Que clase de música escuchas por la noche?
- What kind of food do you usually like to eat?  =  ¿Que clase de comida te gusta comer 
normalmente?
- What kind of dog do you have?  =  ¿Que tipo de perro tienes?

24. HOW FAR  =  A QUE DISTANCIA
- How far is it to drive to your village?  =  ¿A que distancia está para conducir a tu pueblo?
- How far is it to the next gas station?  =  ¿A que distancia está para la proxima gasolinera?

25. HOW LONG  =  CUANTO TIEMPO
* Aquí vemos que "How long" se puede usar con diferentes auxiliares
- How long do you want to stay at the party?  =  ¿Cuanto tiempo quieres quedarte en la fiesta?
- How long are you living in Chicago?  =  ¿Cuanto tiempo estás viviendo en Chicago?
- How long were you in the hospital?  =  ¿Cuanto tiempo estuviste en el hospital?
- How long did you live in Canada?  =  ¿Cuanto tiempo viviste en Canadá?
- How long will you be away?  =  ¿Cuanto tiempo estarás fuera?
- How long should we wait?  ?  = ¿Cuanto tiempo deberíamos esperar?

26. HOW MANY  =  CUANTOS(AS) / CUANTA(OS)

- How many motorcycles do you have?  =  ¿Cuantas motos tienes?
- How many people are coming to your wedding?  =  ¿Cuanta gente vienen a tu boda?
- How many books do you have?  = ¿Cuantos libros tienes?

VERBOS MODALES

27. CAN = PODER / SABER
- Can you help me move the piano?  =  ¿Me puedes ayudar a mover el piano?
- Can you also speak Chinese?  =  ¿Tambien sabes hablar el chino?
- Can you walk?  =  ¿Puedes andar?

28. COULD  =  PODÍA / PODRÍA (es más formal que "CAN")
- Could you pick me up at the airport?  =  ¿Me podrías recoger en el aeropuerto?
- Could your brother help me paint the kitchen?  =  ¿Podría tu hermano ayudarme a pintar la cocina?
- Could you play the piano when you were little ?  = ¿Podías tocar el piano cuando eras pequeño?

29. SHOULD  = DEBERÍA (para pedir un consejo)
- Should I speak to your teacher?  =  ¿Debería hablar con tu profesor?
- Should we take some food to the party?  =  ¿Deberíamos llevar comida a la fiesta?

30. MAY  = PODER (se usa para pedir permiso...y es más formal)
- May I use your telephone?  =  ¿Puedo usar su teléfono?
- May we stay here another night?  =  ¿Podemos quedarnos aquí otra noche? 

31
. MUST  = DEBER / TENER QUE (solicitando confirmación o para una exclamación)

- Must you always have to talk so much!  =  Siempre tienes que hablar tanto!
- Must I do this test again?  =  ¿Debo hacer este exámen de nuevo?

Algunas expresiones interesantes con los Pronombres interrogativos de arriba

- What a bummer!    =  Que putada!
- What´s the big hurry?  =  ¿Porqué tanta prisa?
- What´s the matter?  =  ¿Que ocurre? 
- Who on earth?  =  ¿Quien demonio?
- How about a drink?  = ¿Que te parece una copa?     
- What´s up?  =   ¿Que pasa?
- What´s new?  =  ¿Que hay de nuevo?
- What´s on your mind?  = ¿Que te preocupa?
- What do you do?   =  ¿A que te dedicas?
- Who´s calling?   =  ¿De parte de quien?
- Why the hell?   =  ¿Porqué demonios
- Why the fuck?   =  ¿Porqué coño?
- How´s it going?   = ¿Que tal?
- How gross!   =  Que asco!
- Who cares?   =  ¿Que mas da?
- What happened?   =  ¿Que pasó
- What a mess!   = Que desastre!

Ejercicio:  Poner una palabra interrogativa correcta según el contexto de la frase (ver solución abajo)


1. ............we eat make some sandwiches and go for a bicycle ride? That´s a good idea
2. ................are you going to come to the party at the beach? I´ll take my father´s car.
3. ......................do you visit your mother? Once or twice a week.
4. ......................money do you spend on food every week?  A lot.
5. .....................did you drink last night? I only had three beers.
6. ...........you go to another country to find a job and practice your English if you could? 
7. .......................is it to your village? About 25 more kilometers.
8. .......................times per week do you go swimming?  About three times per week.
9. ...........................books are these? They´re mine.
10. ....................I use your bathroom and take a shower? Of course
11. ....................you play the guitar like your brother? In fact, I play better than him.
12. ...................you always drive so fast in the city?
13. ........................you call me later and tell me what happened? 
14. ......................you please help me move this heavy table?
15. ........................are you going to live in Arizona?
16. .....................your sister coming with us?
17. ..........................you going to buy a new car?
18. ......................didn´t you tell me that you were ill?
19. ........................told you that I was getting married? Your mother told me.
20. .......................did your boss tell you? He told me he was happy with my progress.
21. .........................of sport do you like to practice? I like playing tennis.
22. ........................there a lot of people at the party? There were too many people.
23. .......................your friend like Chinese food? I´ll ask her.
24. ........................you have time to study? Not very much.
25. ........................your parents live in Los Angeles? Yes, a long time.
26. ........................you ever flown in a giant balloon?
27. ........................we call them before we go? Yes, that´s a good idea.
28. .........................do you want to go tonight? Let´s go the disco.
29. .........................did you know that I got the job? Your sister told me.
30. ..........................are you coming back to Spain? Next year.
31. ........................your sister ever lived in Barcelona?
32. ........................children do you have?
33. .......................old are you?
34. .......................your neighbors upstairs make a lot of noise?
35. .......................happened to your leg?
36. .......................everyone sleeping?
37. ......................a lot of people in the shopping center?

Translation exercise ( see solution below)

1. ¿Me podrías llevar al aeropuerto?
2. ¿Te gusta viajar?
3. ¿Siempre vas en bici al trabajo?
4. ¿Que vas a estudiar en la universidad?
5. ¿Terminaste el libro que te presté?
6. ¿Sabes tocar la guitara?
7. ¿Puedo hablar con el director por favor? (formal)
8. ¿Tu amigo es siempre tan tonto?
9. ¿Que vas a hacer este fin de semana?
10. ¿Cuanto tiempo llevas trabajando en la empresa?
11. ¿Cuanto pagaste por tu coche de segunda mano?
12. ¿Porqué no me lo dijiste antes?
13. ¿Has ido alguna vez a Irlanda?
14. ¿De quien son estas botas?
15. ¿Cuando fue la última vez que hablaste con ella?
16. ¿Cual de estas camisas te gusta mas?
17. ¿Con que frecuencia vas a nadar?
18. ¿Deberíamos llevar algo de comida a la fiesta de tu hermana?
19. ¿Había mucha gente en el concierto?
20. ¿Hay tiempo para tomar una copa?
21. ¿Vendrás con nosotros a Ibiza la semana que viene?
22. ¿Tu jefe te ha dicho algo acerca de trabajar este sábado?
23. ¿Tienes hambre?
24. ¿Va a llover esta tarde?
25. ¿Sabes donde está Miguel?
26. ¿Estás pintando toda la casa?
27. ¿Pedimos una pizza para cenar esta noche?
28. ¿Vas a vender el Ford mustang que tienes en tu garaje?
29. ¿No te gustaría venir con nosotros a Irlanda?
30. ¿No sabías que Juan se iba a trabajar para otra empresa?
31. ¿Cual te gusta mas?
32. ¿A que distancia está tu pueblo?
33. ¿Cuanta gente vinieron a la fiesta? 
34. ¿Me llevas al aeropuerto?
35. ¿Vendriás conmigo a Irlanda si pudieras?
36. ¿Porqué no me llamaste?
37. ¿Donde te fuiste?
38. ¿Como sabías que estaba con el?
39. ¿Te vas de vacaciones en Agosto?
40. ¿Va a venir Susana con nosotros?


Bob Dylan sings this fantastic song "Blowing in the wind" with the words of the song
There are examples using "How many times"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrNYBWRtMp8




Grammar solution

1. Shall  2. How  3. How often  4. How much  5. How much  6. Would  7. How far  8. How many  


9. Whose  10. May  11. Can  12. Must  13. Will  14. Could  15. How long  16. Is  17. Are


18. Why  19. Who  20. What  21. What kind / What sort  22. Were  23. Does  24. Do  25. Did  


26. Have  27. Should  28. Where  29. How  30. When  31. Has  32. How many   33. How   


34. Do   35. What  36. Is  37. Are



Escucha como pronuncio las frases de abajo antes de comprobar tus frases 





Translation solution

1. Could you take me to the airport?

2. Do you like to travel?
3. Do you always go to work by bicycle?
4. What are going to study at the university?
5. Did you finish the book I lent you?
6. Can you play the guitar?
7. May I please speak to the director? (formal)
8. Is your friend always so silly
9. What are you going to do this weekend?
10. How long are you working in the company?
11. How much did you pay for your second-hand car?
12. Why didn´t you tell me before?
13. Have you ever been to Ireland?
14. Whose boots are these?
15. When was the last time you talked / spoke to her?
16. Which of these shirts do you like more?
17. How often do you go swimming?
18. Should we take some food to your sister´s party?
19. Were there a lot of people at the concert?
20. Is there any time to have a drink?
21. Will you come with us to Ibiza next week?
22. Has your boss told you anything about working this Saturday?
23. Are you hungry?
24. Is it going to rain this afternoon?
25. Do you know where Miguel is? 
26. Are you painting all the house?
27. Shall we order a pizza for dinner tonight?
28. Are you going to sell the Ford mustang you have in your garage?
29. Wouldn´t you like to come to Ireland with us?
30. Didn´t you know that Juan was going to work for another company?
31. Which one do you like more?
32. How far is it to your village?
33. How many people came to the party?
34. Will you take me to the airport?
35. Would you come with me to Ireland if you could?
36. Why didn´t you call me?
37. Where did you go?
38. How did you know I was with him?
39. Are you going on vacation / hoildays in August?
40. Is Susana going to come with us?

viernes, 6 de junio de 2014

193.How to make a Cactus Terrarium



Listen to this guy explain how to make a cactus terrarium.
He´s easy to understand because he´s speaking in very clear English.


And, here is my cactus terrarium. I planted it two weeks ago and at the moment my cactus friends seem to be pretty happy.
I have my terrarium in front of a window, so I think there is enough light. Sometimes I put it outside in the terrace in the morning when the sun is out for half an hour. 
One very important thing is not to water very much. If you follow the instructions, you won´t have any problems.



A terrarium is a mini indoor garden that requires low maintenance. You can use a wide variety of plants and place them in small containers that can go on desks, night tables, and other places where space is limited. A terrarium will add a bit of outdoor beauty and peace to any living space. Those miniature landscapes with living plants also make wonderful and impressive gifts. 
It´s really nice to plant different kinds of cactus in a jar, a bowl, or even in a fish aquarium. You can have it inside your house somewhere next to a window.
You will see your plant grow and of course, your cactus will have beautiful colored flowers.

Here are different kinds of cactus



Here is a nice terrarium. You can plant any cactus in a glass jar and give it to your friends as a present.




And the best part is to wait until the flowers bloom



And here is a beautiful time lapse cactus flower blooming